Electric brake for vehicles.



No. 665,450. PatentedV lan. 8, 190|.

. J. N; MAHU'NEY.

ELEcr'mc BRAKE Fon vEmcLEs.

(Application led Fab. 12, 1900.)

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(No Model.)

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V No. 665,450.

.1. N. MAHoNEY. Epic'rnlc BRAKE Fon vEmcLEs.

(Application led Feb. 12, 1900.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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no. 665,450. Patented Jams, Ism.

, J. N. MAHnnEY.

ELEc'rnl'c BRAKEFon vEHlcLEs.

(Application led Feb. 12, 1900.)

(No Model.)`

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No. 665,450. I Patented Jan. 8, |90I.. J. N. MAHUNEY.

ELEcTmi: BRAKE Fon vEHlcLEs.

(Application led Feb. 12, 1900.)

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(No Model.)

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. no. 665,450. Patented 1an. s, 190|.

J. N. MAHONEY. ELECTRIC BRAKE FCR VEHICLES.

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UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE;

Y E i* "Y "FFF" {ai} JOSEPH N. MAHONEY, OF NEW YORK, N. AssIeNOR To PRICE; DARLING a OO., OE SAME'PLAOE.

ELECTRIC BRAKE FOR vEH'loLEsI.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.A 665,450, dated January 8, 190i. Application filed February 12, 1900. Serial No. 4,981. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern: plied thereto; Fig. 3, a detail view showing Be it known that I, JOSEPH N. MAHONEY, a a foot-actuated tripping device performing citizen of the United States, residing at the a function hereinafter described; Fig. 4, a city of New York, (Astori-3.,) in the State of view in horizontal section and plan showing 5 NewYork,haveinvented certain newand usea set of coils with their pole-piece and armafullmprovements in Electric Brakes for Vehiture by which the brake-shoes are applied to cles, of which the following is a specification. the wheels, a retaining device for holdingthe This invention is particularly designed for shoes up to the Wheels, and a release mechand adapted to electrically-propelled cars deanism for releasing them; Fig. a section 6o 1o riving current from a conductor or conducon the line X X, Fig. 4; Fig. 6, a section on tors or contacts from which the current is the line Y Y, Fig. 4; Fig. 7, a detail View in ,j taken by the trolley, brush, or collector carelevation indicating the fender, a release j ried by the car. It is,rhowever, applicable mechanism for dropping it, a sand-box, and to other systems-as, for instance, where the an electromagnetic device for operating it to 15 source of electrical energy is carried upon the discharge the sand at will; Fig. 8, a vertical i car or vehicle. In the drawings hereof and section through the lower part of the brakeas hereinafter described it is shown as ap-- switch or controller mounted at the end of plied to a trolley-car taking current from a the carin suitable relation to the ordinary continuous conductoror conductors arranged power-switch or controller. 7o zo either above or below the track or otherwise. Diagrams A A2 A5 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 The objects of the invention are to afford show in sequence the various conditions or complete and perfect control of the car by connections of the different pieces of apparameans of electrically-actuated braking mechtus corresponding with the various positions anism which may receive current from the of the brake switch -or controller. z5 main conductor or trolleywire, but which f The reference-letters indicating the main primarily gets its current from the driving parts of the apparatus in'a general way are motor or motors on the car, which are then as follows: T, the trolley conductor or main; run as generators. This general plan of op- T R, the motor-resistance; M, the motor; A, eration has heretofore been proposed--as, for the motor-armature; F, the motor-field; Rs 3o instance, in the patent of Price, N o. 59Q,Q2l, C, the release cylinder or coil; RZ, the relay; dated September' 14, 1897; but the present RZ C, the relay cylinderor coil; B C, the brake invention both in matter oforganization and cylinder or coil; Au R, the auxiliary resistresults Obtained is in many respects dierent ance; B R,the brake-resistance; S, the shunt; from what has been disclosed in the Price F B, the flash or exciting battery; G, the 35 patent and heretofore proposed by others, all ground main or connection; B S, the brake as will hereinafter be apparent. switch or controller; P S, the power switch The invention comprises an organization or controller; R S, the reversing-switch; R of apparatus and circuits hereinafter de- D, the brake-retainingdevice; FC, thefender scribed or equivalent organizations of appacoil or cylinder; S C, the sand-box coil or 9o 4o ratus and circuits producing actions or recylinder, and L D the brake-sWitch-locking sults in the braking or controlling of acaror device. vehicle, as hereinafter set fort-h. The several resistances perform functions In the accompanying drawings the invenusual to them and are of ordinary construction is shown organized or embodied in th tion. The` reversing-switch and the power- 45 form now deemed the best known. switch'are each of any ordinary suitable type,

Figure lisa diagram View indicating the and the brake-switch B S may be mechandifferent pieces Of apparatus mounted-'upona ically of similar construction and need therecar and their various circuit connections. fore only be shown diagrammatically, asin Fig. 2 is aplan viewI indicating the frame, Fig. l. The locking device is a look orcatch 10o 5o truck,brake-shoes,and beams ofanyordinary that is made effective at a certain point in car construction with my improvementsfapthe movement of the brake-switch in such a',

way that that switch may not be operated to restore the connections to the power-switch for taking current from the main or trolley wire until the power-switch has been thrown off. The releasing-coil may be a coil With a pole-piece and armature, as indicated in Fig. 4, and serves the purpose of releasing the shoes, so that they may not effect the locking of the wheels, and thus cause them to slide upon the rails. This coil or cylinder and the braking coil or cylinder and those for the fender and sand-box may all be in detail of the construction shown in Fig. 4, which shows in section the braking coil or cylinder, its polepiece, and armature. The fiash or exciting battery F B is for exciting the field of the motor, and the relay RZ is a piece of apparatus for transferring the circuit through the several coils of the brake-cylinder in series from the trolley-wire to the circuit of the motor, which would then be running as a generator in parallel.

Referring to the general diagram view, Fig. 1, and assuming that the reversingswitch is in such position that the contacts or brushes aa a2 (t3 are in the position indicated by the dotted line r s, and that the power-switch is in such position that its contacts or brushes b b' b2 b3 b4 h5 h6 are in the position indicated by the dotted line 19 s, and that the brake-switch is in such position that its contact fingers or brushes c c, dac., are in the position indicated by the dotted lilies 1 1, the current from the trolley or supply-conductor T will be supplied to the motor for the forward movement of the car. The circuit is from the conductor T to the power-switch brush b, thence through the contact-plates of this switch to the brush b, through the resistance T Rand by conductor 11 to the brush c' of the brake-switch, thence to the brush c2 and by wire 12 to the brush a3 of the reversing-switch, thence to the brush a2 of this switch and by wire 13 to one pole of the armature A of the motor, thence from the opposite terminal of the armature by wire 14 to the brush a' of the reversing switch, the brush (t thereof, and wire 15 to the brush c7 of the brake-switch, thence to the brush c6 of this switch and by wire 1b' to one terminal of the held-winding of the motor, and from the other terminal of this winding by wire 17 through the release coil Rs C, and from thence through conductors 18 19 to ground at G. This is the condition illustrated in diagram A'. The further movement of the power-switch P S is usual and merely serves to cut out part or all of the coils of the resistance '1 R. If now the brake-switch be moved so that its brushes leave the plates 1 2 and occupy the position indicated by the dotted line 2 2, the circuit through the motor armature and field and release-coil is open.l This is the position indicated by diagram A2. This is merely a transition position, the action being only to open the trolley-current circuit through the motor. As t-he brushes c,

the., come into the position indicated by the dotted line 3 3, shunts or short circuits are established around the leld of the motor and around the release-coil and also around the brake-cylinder coils, which are in circuit with the whole resistance Au R, as indicated in diagram A3 and as may readily be traced in the general diagram, Fig. 1. This also is merely a transition position of the switch, and the shunting of the niotor-eld, dac., at this point is for the purpose of preventing sparking when on the return movement of the switch the motor-circuit is opened. When the brushes of the brake-switch are brought to the position indicated by the dotted line 4 4, the electromagnetic braking mechanism is thrown into action, the organization and circuits being as follows: The terminals (l of the several separate coils d of the brake-cylinder are then in contact with the brushes e c' of the relay-switch, which brushes are connected in pairs, so that the coils d are in series, this being the normal position of the relay-switch. Current now enters from the conductor T and thence by Wire 2O to the brush 015 of the brake-switch, which is now upon the second contact-point of the auxiliary resistance Att R, through this resistance, and thence by wires 21 22 to the first brush e of the relay-switch, thence through the coils d of the brake-cylinder, thence by wire 23 to the contact-brush c5 of the brake-switch, thence through the contact-plates of this switch to the brush c2 thereof, thence by Wire 12 to the reversing-switch, through its brushes a3 a2 and by wire 13 through the armaturewinding of the motor, by wire 14 to the reversing-switch, through its brushes a a and bywvire 15 to the contact-brush c7 of the brake-switch, thence through the contactplates thereof to the brush c, thence through the resistance B R and by wire 24 to the shunt S, thence through the winding of the relay cylinder or coil Rl C and by wire 25 through the winding of the fender-coil F C and the sand-box coil S C, and by wire 2G to ground at G or the negative terminal. It will be observed that this circuit through the armature-Winding contains considerable resistance. There is a parallel or derived circuit through the winding of the motor-field. It may be traced from the brush c5 of the brake-switch, thence to the brush cG and by Wire 1b' to one terminal of the field-winding, from the opposite terminal by wires 17 and 27 to the brush c, thence to the brush ci, and thence through wire 1f) to ground. vThis is a circuit of relatively small resistance.

The circuit of the fiashor exciting battery F B also includes the field-winding and may be traced as follows: from one pole of the battery by wire 28 to Wire 23, thence to the brush c5, thence to the brush cG and by wire 16 through the field-winding, thence by wires 17 and 27 and brake-switch brushes c c3 to wire 19, thence by wire 29 to the contact 30, upon which the brush e3 of the relay-switch IOO IIO

rests, and through said brush to the opposite pole of the battery. The relay-coil RZ C is so adjusted that these conditions being established and the motor or motors now running as a generator the armature of the coil is attracted (the mechanical connections being shown in Fig. 2) and the relay-switch RZ is operated to transfer the brushes e e away from the contacts d of the brake-cylinder coils and to bring the brushesf into contact therewith. These brushes are so connected that the coils of the brake-cylinder are now connected in parallel and in parallel with the shunt which is in the armature-circuit of the motor. At the same time the iield has been excited not only by the current from the trolley main or conductor T, but also by that from the battery F B, the circuit of the battery having, however, been opened by the action of the relay. The motor with the field thus excited now acts as agenerator, and the brake-cylinder coils act to apply the brake mechanism, the mechanical details of which operation are hereinafter described. At the same time the fender is dropped by the action of the coil F C and the sand-box mechanism operated to discharge sand by the action of the coil S C. The excitation of the field of the motor now running as a generator might be sufficiently accomplished by the current from the trolley-conductor T, and the battery F B is primarily provided to provide for the contingency, which may readily occur, of the trolley wheel, shoe, or collector being out of contact with the conductor T or for that of any accident to the circuit of the trolley-conductor or to the dynamos at the power-house. The movement of the brakeswitch lever, which establishes the conditions already described and those to be described, occurs, particularly in the event of an emergency stop, with great rapidity. The further movement to bring the contact-brushes c, 85e., into the positions indicated by the lines 5 6 merely serves to cut out resistance in the auxiliary resistance Au R and the resistance B R. Such is evidently the fact, mechanically considered. So far as the behavior electrically of the apparatus is concerned it might well be that the brake-switch could be thrown over so rapidly as to be in the position indicated by the dotted line 6 6 before the relay-coil would have time to transfer the brake-cylinder from the trolley to the motor-circuit. The conditions of the apparatus when the brushes are in the positions indicated by the lines 4 4, 5 5, b' 6 areindicated in the detail diagrams A4 A5 A6. When the contacts of the power-switch pass from the position indicated by the line 6 6 to that of the line 7 7, the release-coil Rs C is included in the circuit of the motor-armature and is consequently energized. In this instance in the way iu which the system is shown organized the motor armature and field are in series. This conditionis indicated in the detail diagram A7. The circuit of the releasing-coil may be traced as follows, referring to Fig. l: from the right-hand terminal thereof by wire 17 through the field-winding, thence by wire 16 to the brush c6, thence to the brush c2 and by wire 12 to the reversingswitch, through the brushes a3 d2 of that switch and wire 13 to one terminal of the armature-winding, and from the other terminal by wire 14 again to the reversing-switch through the brushes ct' d thereof, thence by the wire 15 to the brush c7, thence to the brush c11 through part of the resistance B R, thence by wire 24 through the relay-coil Rl C, thence over the ground connection to wire 19, and by wire 18 to the other terminal of the release-coil.

The releasing-coil by the attraction of its armature performs the following functions: When the brake-shoes are brought against the wheels by the action of the brake coil or cylinder, there is applied to the braking mechanism a locking device, hereinafter described, which holds the shoes in position to which they are drawn in the act of braking the wheels, thus providing against any derangement of other parts of the apparatus or electric circuits Consequently if the wheels are locked by the action of the shoes (and no means were provided for preventing it) and there is sufficient momentum of the car the car will slide upon the rails, acondition. most v.

undesirable, both because of the inefficient braking or stopping of the ear and because of the wearing of Hat faces upon the wheels.. The brake-releasing apparatus is designed to obviate this unfavorable condition. a condition approaching the locking of the wheels by the shoes occurs, the rotation of the armature of the motor (now acting as a generator) is of course very slow and the current generated thereby is one of small strength. The release-coil is cut into operation by the brake controller when the brake controller has been advanced to a position where the braking energy is considerable for the purpose and acts to render the retaining device ineffective, thereby preventing a locking of the wheels. The release-coil may receive current from the motor (or motors) acting as a generator, as shown, or from any source of electrical energy on the car. Itis also cutinto circuit with the motor or motors when they are taking current from the line and is operative to release the brake-shoes should they be then applied. The release-coil is so proportioned, adjusted, and arranged as to be vitalized by the current under such conditions and acts to throw off the locking device. Thus while the brake-shoes are applied to the wheels by the action of the braking cylinder or coil and a locking device is applied which tends tolock the shoes against the wheels, the release-coil constantly tends to throw off the locking device and permit the momentary retraction or easing up of the brake-shoes. The amount of current in the coils of thev braking-cylinder wheny a condition approaching the locking When IOO

of the wheels occurs is not sufficient to hold up the shoes with su'icient power to lock the wheels; but an increase in speed of rotation of the wheels, and consequently of the motor-armature, immediately develops sufficient current to cause the brake-cylinder to again apply the shoes to the wheels. The action is entirely automatic and is one which, while avoiding a locking of the wheels, applies the brake-shoes in the most efiicient manner for all purposes. The action of the relay-switch Rlin transferring the coils of the brake-cylinder from a series to a parallel connection is desirable in view of the change in the character ot' the current, which is then derived from the ino tor running as a generator and is or may be of less electromotive force and larger volume than the current derived from the trolleywire. The continued movement ofthe brakeswitch from the position indicated by the line 7 7 to the lines S 8, 9 9, and 10 lO effects no change in the circuits or apparatus other than the cutting out of resistance from the resistances Au R and B R. The circuit conditions of each of these positions of the switch are indicated by the detail diagrams A3 A9 A10. The brake-switch-locking coil L D may at all times receive current while the powerswitch is in the position indicated by thedotted line P S or in any advanced position. I prefer, however, to arrange that the lockingcoil shall bc energized when the brake-switch has reached the position indicated bythe line 4 4. The circuit is from the trolley-conductor T, the contact-brushes of the power-switch and conductor 30, through the winding of the locking-coil, thence by wire 3l to wire 23 to brake-switch brush c5, thence to brush c6, and thence through the field-winding of the motor to ground. The purpose of this locking device is as follows, the mechanical details being shown in Fig. 8, which indicates partially the brake-switch B S: The armature 32 of the locking-coil is connected at one end to a pivoted catch or latch 33 and is normally retracted by a spring 34. The opposite end of the latch 33 is provided with a hook which normally stands out of the path of a lug or projection 35 on the moving part ot' the switch B S. When the switch is being advanced in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. S-that is to say, from the position l l to the position lO 10 (indicated in the diagram View, Fig. 1)-and in the event that the connections were such as to have already introduced the locking-coil into circuit, as would be the case were the wire 3l from the locking-coil connected to the wire 19, the lug 35 will ride over the inclined outer edge of the latch 33, so that the switch may be advanced, as stated; but as the switch is brought back from the position lO 10 and when it reaches the position indicated by the line 4 4 the lug 35 engages the latch 33 and the switch is locked against further movement in the return direction, and it is impossible to move it farther and throw the braking mechanism out of action until the powerswitch P S is operated to break the connection with the trolley-conductor, and thus deenergize the locking-coil and permit the release of the brake-switch. The brake-switch may now be moved from the position 4 4 to the position 3 3, in which the field of the motor, the release-coil, and brake-cylinder coil are shunted, and then by the further movement of the brake-switch the circuit of the motor is opened and the brake-switch nally brought to the position indicated by the line I l. The power-switch may now be operated, as in starting the carin the ordinary way, to supply currentl from the trolley-conductor T for the actuation of the motor t0 drive the car.

The general arrangements of circuits and the behavior of the different pieces ol apparatus having now been indicated, the construction of the apparatus will be described in detail.

The various pieces of apparatus may be mounted upon the car frame or truck, as indicated in Fig. 2, which also shows the cables carrying the conductors already described.

40 indicates the ordinary brake-lever, 4l the ordinary brake-rods or draw-bars, and 42 the brake-shoes.

43 indicates the ordinary manual brake, consisting of a handle, a staff, and a chain connecting the end ot the staff to one of the draw-bars 41. In this system, as in all automatic brakes, it is perhaps preferable that the ordinary manual brake should be retained, as some contingency may arise in which its use may be desirable. The armature 44 of the brake-cylinder is connected by a chain with the brake-lever 40, and in this chain an insulation 45 is placed close to the armature for the purpose of insuring the insulation of the coils. What has been termed the brakecylinder is constructed as follows: It is, in fact, a hollow electromagnet of a peculiar and novel construction. It consists, Fig. 4, of an outer shell 46, of iron or steel, within which areA disposed the several coils, which are brought out to the terminals, as indicated in Fig. l. The head 47 of the outer shell or cylinder is provided with a cylindrical inwardlyprojecting hollow pole-piece 48, in the annular space between which and the shell some of the coils are disposed, the pole-piece projecting half-way or more into the series of coils. The chamber in the hollow pole-piece is tapered, being of smallest diameter adjacent to the head 47. The armature 44 consists of a cylindrical part seated in the end of the shell, which is there contracted in diameter, and of a tapering part of substantially the shape and taper of the chamber in the pole-piece and which when the armature is retracted is preferably partially entered into the taper chamber of the pole-piece. The purpose of this special shape of this part of the armature and of the chamber in the polepiece is to decrease the air-gap relatively to IOO IOS

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the travel of the armature. guide-rod 49, sliding in the head 47, is preterably of non-magnetic metal. parent that the lines of force will be so `disposed relatively to the mass of the armature projection and the pole-piece 48 that an efficient pull upon the armature will be exerted l through the entire portion of its relatively long stroke. of the socket and pole-piece projection, which I prefer shall be uniform and in straigt lines, though I do not desire to limit myself to such specic shape or construction. j

On the under side of the part 44 ofthe armature is a rack 50, engaging a pinion 5l, fixed on a shaft 52, on the outer end of which is fixed a gear 53, meshing with a pinion 54, fast on the sleeve 55, turning on a short shaft 56. Mounted on this sleeve is a flanged wheel 57, in which the sleeve may freely turn in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 6, which is a direction of rotation imparted to the sleeve when the brake-cylinder or electromagnet draws the brake-shoes against the wheels. In a cavity constituting a lateral enlargement of the wheel bearing upon the sleeve is arranged one or more rollers 58, one roller being shown. The wall of this cavity is inclined at 59, so that on a tendency toward a reverse movement of the sleeve 58, due to the retraction of the brake-shoes, the roller bya wedge-like action clamps the sleeve rigidly to the Wheel, which is, however, prevented from turning by a friction-strap 60, the ends of which are attached on opposite sides of the pivot of a lever 61, normally held by a spring 62 in such position that the strap locks the Wheel against rotation. The release-coil Rs C maybe an electromagnetic apparatus, constructed in all respects the same as the brake-coil B C. (Shown in detail in Fig. 4.) Its armature is connected by a rod 68 to the lever 6l, and when the coil is energized and its armature attracted the tension of the spring 62 is overcome and the lever 6l drawn in the direction to release the wheel 57 from the braking action of the friction-strap. The relay-coil RZ C has its inclosing shell of magnetic metal (which may be the same as thatof the brake-coil B C) bolted to the similar shellot' the release-coil, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 4, and the armature of the relay-coil is connected by a rod 64 to the relay-switch R', which controls the connections of the coils of the brake-cylinder, as already described.

The fender-coil F O is or may be an electromagnetic apparatus constructed similarly to the brake-coil B C, and when it is energized its armature withdraws a catch 65 from engagement with a normallyelevated fender 66, which then by its own Weight and by the action ot' a spring 67 descends upon or in close juxtaposition to the track or roadbed. The sand-box coil S C is or may be an electromagnetic device of the same construction as the brake-cylinder B C, and on its be- The armature It will be ap- This is due to the taper shape in g energized the discharge device of asandbox 67, vof ordinary or suitable construction, is operated to discharge sand upon the rails, this operation occurring whenever the brakecylinder is thrown into action. The circuit connections of the sand-box coil and the 'arrangement of apparatus are indicated in Fig. 7, and, as will be apparent from an examination of that ligure, the circuit through the coil S C will be intermittently shunted, and consequently the armature of the coil will be intermittently attracted and withdrawn. rlhe armature is connected by a rod 68 with the sand agitating and discharge devices within the box, to which also, or directly to the rod 68, is applied a spring 69, that serves to retract the armature when the current is shunted from the coil S C.

The brake-switch-locking device L D is or may be an electromagnetic device of the same construction as that of the brake-cylinder B C.

To provide for manual control of the lever 6l to effect at will the release of the brakelocking devices, this lever is connected by rods and chains 70 with foot-trip devices 7l, located at each end of the car, and toinsure proper insulation of the several electrical apparatus an insulation 72 is interposedin each such connection 70. A system employing a ground connection has been shown. Obviously the invention is applicable to other arrangements of circuits. It Will be observed that the release-coil is in circuit when the brake-switch is in its normal position, so that it acts to release the locking device when the power-switch is moved to admit current to the motor; also, that during the earlier positions to which the brake-switch is moved it is out of operation, (being shunted in the particnlar organization which I have elected to illustrate,) and hence the vehicle may be arrested by the application of the brakes and the brakes remain locked to the wheels, to be, however, released by the action of the coil when the brake-switch is returned to normal position. Provision is thus made for holding the car, as on a grade or otherwise, when no current is developed in the motor-circuit. When the brake-switch is moved farther, as for an emergency-stop, then the release-coil is put into operative relation to its circuit and acts as already described. The motorman has therefore nothing special to learn or do, and complete control ot' the car under all conditions is aiforded.

It is obvious that some of the features of my invention affording certain novel results may be used Without the others, that in respect to the several operations and the general operation of the system as a whole the different pieces of apparatus may vary widel y in construction from what is shown in the drawings and above described Without departing from the invention, that many variations in the electrical connections may be made, for that is largely a mere matter of wiring,

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and that the system is applicable in general and in detail to cars having more than one motor,the application of what has been shown to multiple motors being a matter of adaptation, wiring, and arrangement of contacts.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking `mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, ot' a controller or switch that cuts off` from the motor the current that actuates it for the movement of the vehicle, effects the excitation of the motor-field by current from said source and includes the winding of" the brake-operating apparatus in the circuit of said source, and an electrically-operated relay in the circuit of the motor then operating as a generator that acts to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor.

2. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-1nechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by which upon the operation of such switchcurrent for the movement of the Vehicle is cut off from the motor, the windings of the brake-operating apparatus are included in series in the circuit of said source and current is supplied to the field-winding of the motor to excite it to act as a generator, and an electrically-actuated relay included in the circuit of the motor now acting as a generator to transfer the windings from the circuit of said source into the motor-circuit in parallel.

3. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of means for opening the circuit between the motor and said source, including the windings ol the brakeoperating apparatus in the circuit of said source, and exciting the field of the motor so that it will operate as a generator, and an electrically-actuated relay in the motor circuit then running as a generator, operating to transfer the windings of the brake-operating apparatus from the circuit of said source to the motor-circuit.

4. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a battery or second source of electrical energy carried upon the Vehicle,l an electricallyoperated relay or switch device, a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections whereby on the operation of the controller the circuit from said firstnamed source to the motor is opened, the

winding of the brake-operating apparatus I included in the circuit from said source, the current from saidV battery or second-meutioned source of electrical energy is directed through the field-winding of the motor and the relay includedin the circuit of the motor now running as a generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the circuit of the motor.

5. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake mechanism-operating apparatus, of'` a battery or second source of electrical energy carried upon the vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch device, a controller or switch, contacts and circuit connections whereby on Ithe operation of the controller the circuit from said first -namcd source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit from said source, the current from said battery or second-mentioned source of electrical energy is directed through the field-winding of the motor and the relay iuclnded in the circuit of lthe motor now running as generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus-to the circuit of the motor, and an electromagnetic device for releasing the fender also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator.

6. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a Vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a battery or second source of electrical energy carried upon the Vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch device, a controller or switch, contacts and circuit connections whereby on the operation of the controller the circuit from said first-named source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit from said source, the current from said battery or second-mentioned source of electrical energy is directed through the eldwinding ot the motor and the relay included in the circuit of the motor now running as a generator to transfer the winding of the brakeoperating apparatus to the circuit of the motor, and an electromagnetic device also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator for operating the sanddischarge devices.

7. The combination of an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism and an electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a battery or second source of electrical energy carried upon the vehicle, an electrically-operated relay or switch device, a controller or switch, contacts and circuit con- IOO IIO

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nections whereby on the operation of the controller the circuit from said iirst-named source to the motor is opened, the winding of the brake-operating apparatus included in the circuit from said source, the current from said battery or second-mentioned source of electrical energy is directed through the iieldwinding of the motor and the relay included in the circuit of the motor nonT running as a generator to transfer the winding of the brake-operating apparatus to the .circuit of the motor, an electromagnetic device for releasing the fender also included in the circuit of the motor when running as a generator, and an electromagnetic device also included in the circuitv of the motor when running as a generator for operating the sanddischarge devices.

8. The combination of a motor mounted upon a vehicle and adapted to be operated by current from a suitable source, a power-switch for controlling the admission of current to the motor from said source, braking mechanism, an electrically-operated brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, a switch for controlli ngits action,and an electrically-operated locking device applied to the brake-switch oh the-actuation of such switch and which after the actuation of the brake-switch prevents its return to normal position until after the power-switch for admitting current to the motor is opened.

9. The combination of a motor mounted upon a vehicle and adapted to be operated by current from asuitable source, a power-switch for controlling the admission of current to the motor from said source, braking mechanism, an electrically-operated brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, aswitch forcontrolling its action, an electromagnetic locking device applied to the brake-switch and receiving current from said source when the power-switch is in the position to admit current to the motor, and acting after the brakeswitch has been moved forward to prevent its return to normal position until the powerswitch is opened.

l0. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source for the forward movement of the vehicle, braking mechanism and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of a controller or switch and contacts and circuit connections by which upon the operation of such switch current for the movement ot' the vehicle is cut o from the motor, the field of the motorshunted, the shunt then opened, and then the field of the motor excited so that it will act as a generator and the brakeop erating apparatus actuated by the current therefrom to effect the application of the brakes; whereby upon the return movement of the switch the field of the motor is shunted and so denergized before the generator-circuit of the armature is opened.

l1. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from asuitable source,braking mechanism and anelectromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus, of means for cutting olf from the motor current for the movement of the vehicle, introducing the brake-mechanism-operating apparatus into the circuit of said source, and for exciting the field of the motor so that it will run as a generator, and an electricallyoperated relay or switch included in the circuitl of the motor now ruiming as a generator and acting to transfer the Winding of the brake-mechanism-operating apparatus into the motor-circuit.

l2. The combination with an electric motor mounted upon a vehicle, circuit connections for supplying it with current from a suitable source, braking mechanism, and electromagnetic brake-mechanism-operating apparatus having multiple windings, of a controller or switch that cuts off from the motor the current that actuates it for the propulsion of' the vehicle, includes the winding of the brakeoperating apparatus in the circuit of said source and effects the excitation ofthe motorfield by admitting thereto current from a snitable source, an electrically-operated relayin the circuit of the motor then running as a generator and contacts and circuit connections whereby upon the operation of said relay the windings of the brake-operating apparatus are transferred to the motor-circuit and commutated to adapt them tothe current generated by the motor.

13. The combination with the wheels and braking mechanism of a vehicle, of an electrically-operated apparatus for applying the brakes to the Wheels, a brake-locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position into which the)7 are drawn, an electrically-operated brake-release mechanism, circuit connections and a brake-switch movable in one direction from its normal inactive position and on the actuation of which to apply the brakes the brake-applying mechanism and the release mechanism are both included in the brake-circuit whereby the release mechanism is energized while the brakeapplying mechanism is in operation to prevent the locking and slipping of the wheels on the rails.

14. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the Wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic apparatus receiving current for its vitalization at the same time that the brake-actuating apparatus receives its current and tending to throw the brake-locking mechanism out of action, and a brake-switch on the movement of which from its normal or inactive position in the direction to apply the brakes,the brake- IOO IIO

applying mechanism and the apparatus for throwing the locking mechanism out of action are both energized.

l5. 'lhe combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle of an electromagnetic brake-aplying mechanism ,a brakelocking mechanism,an electromagnetic brakereleasing mechanism, a motor, a power-switch for admitting current to the motor from a suitable source, a brake-switch and circuit connections by which on the movement ofthe switch from its normal position in a direction to apply the bra-kes, current from said source is cut off from the motor, the motor excited and the brake-applying mechanism and release mechanism are both included in the circuit. of the motor then running as a generator.

l0. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controller for admitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels and contacts and circuit connections whereby in the earlier or first movements of the brake-switch said releasing apparatus is rendered inoperative but during a further movement of said switch current is admitted to its winding to render it operative.

17. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controlleizfor admitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels and contacts and circuit connections whereby the winding of said releasing apparatus is shunted in the earlier movements of the brake-switch from its normal position to render it inoperative and said shunt is opened and said apparatus thrown into active operation during further movement of the brake-switch.

1S. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, ot' an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip and throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, circuit connections by which when the power-switch is in position to admit current to thc motor the electromagnetic releasing apparatus is included in the circuit of said source, a brake-switch and circuit connections by which on the actuation of the latter switch the apparatus for applying the brakes and the releasing apparatus are included in thc braking-circuit whereby the releasing apparatus is energized when the brake-switch is returned to its normal position and the power-switch is in a position to admit current to the motor.

19. The combination with the wheels and brake mechanism of a vehicle, of an electromagnetic apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, a locking mechanism tending to lock the brakes in the forward position to which they are drawn, an electromagnetic releasing apparatus adapted to trip or throw said locking mechanism out of action, an electric motor mounted on the Vehicle and adapted to propel it, a power switch or controller for admitting current from a suitable source to the motor, a brake switch or controller for admitting current to the apparatus for applying the brakes to the wheels, and contacts and circuit connections whereby when the brake-switch is moved from its normal position to several of its earlier positions the winding of said releasing apparatus is shunted and the shunt opened during further movements of said switch, and whereby when the brakeswitch is in its normal position and the powerswitch is in position to admit current to the motor the winding of said releasing apparatus is included in circuit with the motor.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

JOSEPH N. MAHONEY.

Witnesses:

EDWARD C. DAVIDSON, W. W. HARRISON.

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